Journal: Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
Article Title: Delivery strategies for RNA-targeting therapeutic nucleic acids and RNA-based vaccines against respiratory RNA viruses: IAV, SARS-CoV-2, RSV
doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102572
Figure Lengend Snippet: Generations of antisense oligonucleotides. (1) The chemical structure of the first, second, and third generations of oligonucleotides, compared to DNA and RNA structures. DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA, ribonucleic acid; oligonucleotides modifications: PS, phosphorothioate oligonucleotide; PA, phosphoramidate oligonucleotide; MP, methylphosphonate oligonucleotide; 2′-MOE, 2′-O-methoxyethyl RNA; 2′-OMe, 2′-O-methyl RNA; 2′F, 2′-fluoro RNA; LNA, locked nucleic acid; PNA, peptide nucleic acid; PMO, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide. (2) Chemical structure of modifications used in RNA vaccines. Cap-1, Cap structure on 5′ end of mRNA: m7GpppNm, where Nm is a 2′ -methylated nucleotide; m1Ψ, N1-methylpseudouridine.
Article Snippet: In contrast, mRNA transcripts containing the CAP-1 structure (m7GpppNm, where Nm is a 2′ -methylated nucleotide), present in Moderna’s vaccine, were created by enzymatic action.
Techniques: Vaccines, Methylation